Here’s a clear and exam-focused note on Chapter: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current (Class 10 CBSE, NCERT-based), along with topic-wise previous year questions for board exams.
📖 Notes: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
(Class 10 — Science, NCERT Book)
🔷 Key Concepts
1️⃣ Magnetic Field
- Region around a magnet where its influence can be felt.
- Represented by magnetic field lines.
- Properties of magnetic field lines:
✅ Originate from north pole & end at south pole.
✅ Never intersect.
✅ Closer lines mean stronger field.
2️⃣ Magnetic Field due to a Current-Carrying Conductor
- Discovered by Hans Christian Oersted.
- Current-carrying conductor produces magnetic field around it.
Right-hand thumb rule:
➡ Hold the conductor in your right hand with thumb pointing in direction of current, then the curl of fingers shows the direction of magnetic field.
3️⃣ Magnetic Field of a Circular Loop
- Magnetic field at center of loop is directly proportional to current & inversely proportional to radius of loop.
4️⃣ Solenoid & Electromagnet
- Solenoid: Coil of many turns of wire.
- Produces uniform magnetic field inside (like a bar magnet).
- Increasing turns, current, or inserting soft iron core strengthens the field.
- Used to make electromagnets.
5️⃣ Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
- When placed in a magnetic field, a force acts on it.
- Direction given by Fleming’s Left Hand Rule:
✅ Thumb → Force (motion)
✅ Forefinger → Field
✅ Middle finger → Current
6️⃣ Electric Motor
- Device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- Works on principle of force experienced by a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
- Parts: Armature, commutator, brushes, field magnet, etc.
7️⃣ Electromagnetic Induction
- Discovered by Michael Faraday.
- Electric current is induced in a coil when the magnetic field around it changes.
- Direction of induced current given by Fleming’s Right Hand Rule:
✅ Thumb → Motion of conductor
✅ Forefinger → Field
✅ Middle finger → Induced current
8️⃣ Electric Generator
- Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- Based on electromagnetic induction.
- Types: AC generator & DC generator.
9️⃣ Domestic Electric Circuits
- Household circuits involve:
✅ Live wire (red/brown)
✅ Neutral wire (black/blue)
✅ Earth wire (green/yellow) - Fuse & MCBs protect appliances from overload & short-circuit.
📋 Topic-wise
Previous Year Questions
🌟 Very Short Answer (1-2 Marks)
✅ State two properties of magnetic field lines.
✅ What is an electromagnet? Name one use.
✅ What happens when a bar magnet is moved towards a coil connected to a galvanometer?
✅ Which rule is used to determine the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor?
✅ State the principle of electric motor.
🌟 Short Answer (3 Marks)
✅ Draw magnetic field lines of a bar magnet.
✅ Explain right-hand thumb rule with diagram.
✅ Differentiate between AC and DC generator.
✅ Name & explain the rule used to find the direction of induced current.
✅ Why is soft iron used in electromagnets?
✅ Write differences between series and parallel domestic circuits.
🌟 Long Answer (5 Marks)
✅ Draw a labelled diagram of electric motor & explain its working.
✅ With the help of a diagram, explain electromagnetic induction.
✅ Draw & explain the construction & working of an AC generator.
✅ Explain the principle, construction & working of a solenoid as an electromagnet.
✅ Discuss the working of domestic electric circuit with precautions.
🌟 Diagram-based Questions
✅ Magnetic field due to straight conductor / circular loop / solenoid.
✅ Electric motor & its parts.
✅ Electric generator & its parts.
✅ Domestic electric circuit diagram.
🌟 Numericals (sometimes asked)
✅ Calculate power consumed if an appliance of 1000 W is used for 2 hours at 220 V.
✨ Tips for Exam:
✔ Learn all the rules: Right-hand thumb rule, Fleming’s left & right hand rules.
✔ Practice diagrams — neatly & labelled.
✔ Write definitions as per NCERT.
✔ Focus on applications: electric motor, generator, electromagnet.
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🎯 Flashcards
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Here are flashcards for the chapter Magnetic Effects of Electric Current — Class 10 CBSE (NCERT-based):
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📚 Flashcards: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
🔷 Flashcard 1
Q: What is a magnetic field?
A: The region around a magnet where its influence can be felt.
🔷 Flashcard 2
Q: What are the properties of magnetic field lines?
A:
✅ Originate from north pole & end at south pole.
✅ Never intersect.
✅ Closer lines → stronger field.
🔷 Flashcard 3
Q: Who discovered the magnetic effect of current?
A: Hans Christian Oersted.
🔷 Flashcard 4
Q: State the Right-hand Thumb Rule.
A: Hold conductor with thumb pointing in current’s direction; curl of fingers shows magnetic field direction.
🔷 Flashcard 5
Q: What is a solenoid?
A: A coil of many turns of wire that produces uniform magnetic field inside.
🔷 Flashcard 6
Q: What is an electromagnet?
A: A strong magnet made by passing current through a solenoid with soft iron core.
🔷 Flashcard 7
Q: State Fleming’s Left-hand Rule.
A:
✅ Thumb → Force
✅ Forefinger → Field
✅ Middle finger → Current
🔷 Flashcard 8
Q: What is an electric motor?
A: Device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
🔷 Flashcard 9
Q: What is electromagnetic induction?
A: Production of current when magnetic field around a coil changes. (Faraday’s discovery)
🔷 Flashcard 10
Q: State Fleming’s Right-hand Rule.
A:
✅ Thumb → Motion of conductor
✅ Forefinger → Field
✅ Middle finger → Induced current
🔷 Flashcard 11
Q: What is an electric generator?
A: Device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
🔷 Flashcard 12
Q: What are the wires in a domestic circuit?
A: Live (red/brown), Neutral (black/blue), Earth (green/yellow).
🔷 Flashcard 13
Q: Why is soft iron used in an electromagnet?
A: To increase the strength of the magnetic field & make it temporary.
🔷 Flashcard 14
Q: AC vs DC Generator?
A:
✅ AC Generator → Alternating current
✅ DC Generator → Direct current
🔷 Flashcard 15
Q: Draw & label magnetic field around a straight conductor.
(Practice this diagram!)
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