Class 10 | NCERT Solution | Chapter: 03

📘 Metals and Non-metals — Answers ⸻ ✅ Q1. Which pairs will give displacement reactions? Displacement happens when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one from its compound. • (a) NaCl & Cu → ❌ (Cu is less reactive than Na) • (b) MgCl₂ & Al → ❌ (Al is less reactive than Mg) • (c) FeSO₄ & Ag → ❌ (Ag is less reactive than Fe) • (d) AgNO₃ & Cu → ✅ (Cu displaces Ag) 🎯 Answer: (d) AgNO₃ solution and copper metal ⸻ ✅ Q2. Preventing rust on an iron frying pan: • (a) grease → ✅ • (b) paint → ✅ • (c) zinc coating → ✅ 🎯 Answer: (d) All of the above ⸻ ✅ Q3. An element forms a high-melting, water-soluble oxide → likely a metal → 🎯 Answer: (a) Calcium (Ca + O₂ → CaO, which is soluble & high melting) ⸻ ✅ Q4. Food cans are coated with tin (Sn) & not zinc (Zn) because: • Zinc is more reactive → can react with food. 🎯 Answer: (c) zinc is more reactive than tin ⸻ ✅ Q5. (a) Distinguishing metals & non-metals: • Use hammer → metals are malleable; non-metals break. • Make circuit with battery, bulb, wires → metals conduct & light bulb; non-metals don’t. (b) Usefulness: • Simple & effective but only works for solid samples & does not work if surface is oxidised or coated. ⸻ ✅ Q6. Amphoteric oxides: 🎯 Oxides that react with both acids & bases to form salt & water. Examples: • Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) • Zinc oxide (ZnO) ⸻ ✅ Q7. Metals that displace H₂ from dilute acids: ✅ Zinc, Magnesium Metals that do not: ❌ Copper, Silver ⸻ ✅ Q8. Electrolytic refining of metal M: • Anode → impure metal M • Cathode → pure metal M • Electrolyte → solution of salt of metal M ⸻ ✅ Q9. Sulphur is heated → forms sulphur dioxide gas. (a) Action of gas: • On dry litmus → no change • On moist litmus → turns blue litmus red (acidic gas) (b) Reaction: S + O₂ → SO₂ ⸻ ✅ Q10. Two ways to prevent rusting of iron: • Applying oil/grease/paint • Coating with zinc (galvanisation) ⸻ ✅ Q11. Oxides formed when non-metals combine with oxygen: 🎯 Acidic or neutral oxides. ⸻ ✅ Q12. Reasons: (a) Platinum, gold & silver → used in jewellery because they are shiny, malleable & do not corrode. (b) Na, K, Li → stored under oil because they react vigorously with air & water. (c) Aluminium → forms a protective oxide layer, so despite being reactive, it resists corrosion. (d) Carbonate & sulphide ores → converted to oxides because oxides are easier to reduce to metal. ⸻ ✅ Q13. Why lemon/tamarind cleans copper? 🎯 Copper reacts with oxygen & CO₂ to form greenish copper carbonate layer (tarnish). Acids in lemon/tamarind dissolve this layer. ⸻ ✅ Q14. Difference between metals & non-metals (chemical properties): Property Metals Non-metals Oxides Basic or amphoteric Acidic or neutral Reaction with acids Produces H₂ No reaction Reaction with oxygen Forms basic oxides Forms acidic oxides Reaction with water Some react Usually no reaction ⸻ ✅ Q15. Detective story: 🎯 The man used aqua regia (HCl + HNO₃). It dissolves gold by forming soluble chloroauric acid → ornaments shine but lose gold. ⸻ ✅ Q16. Why copper for hot water tanks & not steel? 🎯 Copper does not corrode easily in water & conducts heat well, whereas steel (iron alloy) rusts in moist conditions. ⸻ ⸻ If you want, I can also: 📄 Make this a printable PDF 📋 Design an HTML notes page 📊 Create a practice quiz Just say: “Make it a PDF” or “Make it a web page” — I’m ready! 🌟